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Deep Seabed Mining: Open vista to economic prosperity for Nigeria

Funso OLOJO 
Since independence, the mainstay of Nigeria’s economy has been oil and gas.
The country has relied so much on oil that any slightest jolt in the industry will reverberate through the country’s economic arteries.
The reason is that Nigeria gets about 90 percent of its revenue from oil.
However, the country has neglected its other vast God-given resources buried beneath the ocean.
More than oil, which is fast losing international appeal due to the emerging alternative to oil, the country’s resources in the deep Seabed are a gold mine waiting to be explored and exploited.
Apart from the surface mining activities going on around the country but which were unfortunately not well harnessed, Nigeria, over the years, paid no attention to seabed mining activities which are even more lucrative than oil exploration.
According to the International Seabed Authority(ISA), an intergovernmental United Nations autonomous body charged with overseeing and regulating seabed mining activities, deep Seabed mining can only take place outside the limit of the nautical jurisdiction of a member state, that is, beyond the outer limit of the continental shelf.
With Nigeria’s 200 nautical continental shelf with the latest addition of 16,300 square kilometers granted by the United Nations Commission on the Limits of Continental Shelf (CLCS), Nigeria has the potential for a great economic boom if these opportunities are exploited.
Good enough, the country is among the 167 – member states of ISA which regulates Seabed mining in the area referred to as common heritage.
But sadly, since Nigeria joined the organisation at inception in November 1994, the country has not exploited the benefits of such membership.
The nonchalant attitude of the country was probably because of the fortunes it gets from oil.
Now that the oil revenue is dwindling, the Nigerian government has suddenly woken up to the realization that there is a new opportunity to grow the economy through the exploration and exploitation of the vast resources in the deep Seabed.
To demonstrate its desire to explore and exploit seabed resources, the federal government through the Ministry of Marine and Blue Economy in conjunction with the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA) organized a two-day awareness workshop where it sensitized relevant stakeholders.
From September 18th and 19th 2024, in Abuja, the government rallied the support of relevant stakeholders who brainstormed on the benefits and challenges of seabed mining and how Nigeria could leverage the opportunity to grow its economy.
Stakeholders perspectives:
At the sensitization workshop, stakeholders, drawn from the Ministry of Marine and Blue Economy, NIMASA, who are the hosts, the Nigeria Navy, the Ministry of Mines and Steel Development, Nigeria Boundary Commission, environmentalists and the Academia.
The stakeholders were unanimous in their views that seabed mining is an energiser of the economy and encouraged the Nigerian govenment to take the opportunities it offers.
However, they lamented the long-term neglect of the sector by Nigeria.
Beyond the rhetorics of government representatives, other stakeholders reprimanded the government for its inaction in the International Seabed Authority(ISA) and by extension lack of interest in exploring the vast potential of seabed resources.
Dr Maureen Tamuno, the former Permanent Representative of Nigeria to the ISA, was emotional about the dormant membership of Nigeria in ISA.
According to her, Nigeria has always been an onlooker at the different meetings of the ISA at its headquarters in Kingston, Jamaica.
” At the last ISA meeting in July 2024, Nigeria had the largest entourage among the member states to the event but the people didn’t participate in the proceedings because they didn’t understand the concept and objective of the meeting.
She wanted the Nigerian government to ensure that the country participates fully in the organization in order to enjoy the inherent opportunities.
Abba Nurudeen, the Director of Maritime Boundary at the Nigeria Boundary Commission revealed that Nigeria, though a member of ISA, is yet to get the ISA license that will qualify the country to partake in the exploration and exploitation of resources beneath the belly of the sea.
According to him, the country needs $500,000 as a licensing fee to secure the license and a processing fee of $50,000.
Without these, Nigeria will be a mere onlooker while other contractor countries and companies are busy harvesting the resources that are the common heritage.
Under the ISA laws, only licensed contractors can explore and exploit the deep Seabed resources.
Despite the massive coastal endowment of Nigeria spanning over 892 Km from Badagry to Bakassi, with a total shelf area of about 42,000 km2, including a territorial sea extending from the coastline to a breadth of 12 nautical miles, and the continental shelf extending to about 50 miles which make Nigeria one of the eight countries with a continental shelf that allows for the extension of the country’s Exclusive Economic Zone from 200 miles to a further 150 miles, in addition to 4,000km of inland waterways, Nigeria cannot engage in deep seabed mining because if failed to get contract license for such purpose from ISA.
ISA has entered into 15-year contracts with 21 contractors for the exploration of polymetallic nodules, polymetallic sulphides and cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts in the international seabed area (the Area).
The explored areas are in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, the Indian Ocean, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Pacific Ocean.For polymetallic nodules, the entitled exploration area allocated to each contractor is 75,000 square kilometres.

For polymetallic sulphides, the entitled exploration area allocated to each contractor is 10,000 square kilometres and consists of 100 blocks. Each block is no greater than 100 square kilometres.

For cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts, the entitled exploration area allocated to each contractor is 3,000 square kilometres and consists of 150 blocks. Each block is no greater than 20 square kilometres.

This is the opportunity Nigeria is missing by its failure to get the ISA license as a contract 30 years after it joined the UN body.
Both Dr. Tamuno and Mr Abba agreed that Nigeria should collaborate with relevant stakeholders and international bodies as well as pulling resources together to enable the country get ISA license.
According to them, achieving this milestone requires collaboration and advocacy, a position shared by Rear Admiral(rtd) Chukwuemeka Okafor, the immediate Hydrographer of the Nigerian Navy.
Benefits of ISA contract licence for Nigeria 
The adoption of UNCLOS in 1982 was one of the greatest achievements of the United Nations. One of the Convention’s most important contributions is that it placed more than 50 percent of the seabed under international jurisdiction, beyond the reach of any single State.
If managed effectively, in accordance with the rule of law as set out in the Convention, deep sea mining has the potential to contribute to the economic recovery of Nigeria.
Challenges of Exploiting Deep-Seabed resources by Nigeria
Much as there are enormous benefits inherent in the exploration and exploitation of deep Seabed resources, Nigeria may be faced with an uphill task to maximize these undersea resources.
Apart from being capital intensive, the lack of focus and commitment steeped in tenacity of purpose by the government may hinder the process.
To achieve Nigeria’s quest for using seabed mining as a stimulant for economic recovery, there must be sincere collaboration, and mutual commitment between the Ministry of Marine and Blue Economy, the lead ministry, NIMASA, the Designated Authority for Nigeria membership of ISA and the Ministry of Mines and Steel, including other relevant stakeholders.
Unfortunately, some stakeholders believed that the Ministry of Marine and Blue Economy, which is the country- designate for Nigeria’s membership of ISA, may be overwhelmed by the sheer number of responsibilities thrust on the young ministry.
The Rector, Maritime Academy of Nigeria, Commodore Duja Emmanuel Effedua (Rtd) believed that Nigeria may not see immediate results from the efforts of the federal government to leverage seabed mining through the ministry of Marine and Blue to grow the economy.
According to him, the young ministry is already overburdened with too many tasks and responsibilities within a short time of its creation.
” It will take time for the ministry to deliver, say 4 to 5 years from now.
” I am not a spokesman for the ministry but a lot of work has been heaped on the ministry with so short a time of its creation.
” People have to be patient because the results cannot come immediately” Commodore(rtd) claimed.
He also raised the issue of finance needed to fund the deep Seabed mining activity if Nigeria eventually forays into the sector.
” Nigeria has no required funds to exploit the resources in the seabed. We can only explore because exploiting the resources in the  Seabed is very expensive” MAN Oron Rector disclosed.
However, stakeholders believed that if the government could muster the required political will, funding and international collaboration towards leveraging vast resources beneath the belly of the ocean, then Nigeria would be on its way towards economic rebirth.
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Customs

Seme Customs Intercepts expired noodles, drugs, explosives worth N365m

–generates N19.84bn in 7 months, beats 2025 full-year revenue by N3.9bn

Gloria Odion Maritme reporter

The Nigeria Customs Service (NCS), Seme Area Command, has intercepted a truckload of 1,306 bags of expired noodles, illicit drugs, 310,000 sticks of cigarettes, foreign rice and 3,300 cartridges of explosive materials in a major crackdown on smuggling and cross-border criminality.

The seized consignments, alongside several vehicles and watercraft, have a combined Duty Paid Value (DPV) of N365.16 million, underscoring the intensity of enforcement operations along the Seme border corridor.

The Command also delivered a major revenue performance, generating N19.84 billion between January and July 2026, already surpassing its entire 2025 collection of N15.94 billion by N3.9 billion.

The seven-month collection represents a 24.45 per cent increase over the Command’s 2025 annual performance.

The Area Controller, Seme Area Command, Comptroller Abdullahi Kaila,who disclosed the seizures while briefing journalists during the display of the seized items, said the enforcement successes were products of intelligence gathering, surveillance, inter-agency cooperation and the vigilance of Customs personnel.

He said the Command would continue to combine aggressive enforcement with trade facilitation to protect the Nigerian economy while ensuring that legitimate businesses operating through the border are not frustrated.

Expired noodles destined for Nigerian market

One of the most disturbing seizures involved 1,306 sacks of expired and waste noodles, each weighing 50kg.

The consignment was intercepted after Customs officers, acting on intelligence, stopped a truck falsely declared to be carrying food items.

Examination of the truck revealed the expired noodles, which had deteriorated and were visibly decomposing.

Preliminary intelligence indicated that the products were allegedly being moved for repackaging and relabelling before being pushed into the Nigerian market.

The interception, according to the Command, prevented potentially hazardous food products from reaching unsuspecting consumers.

The Command stressed that its border enforcement mandate goes beyond revenue protection, noting that Customs operations also serve as a critical line of defence against products capable of endangering public health.

1,268 bags of foreign rice intercepted

Customs officers also intercepted 1,268 bags of foreign parboiled rice, each weighing 50kg, allegedly smuggled into the country through unauthorised routes.

The Command said the illegal importation of rice deprives government of legitimate revenue while undermining domestic agricultural production and investments in Nigeria’s rice value chain.

It warned smugglers and their collaborators that officers would sustain surveillance across identified smuggling routes and flashpoints within the border area.

Cannabis, Tramadol, Tapentadol, Cigarettes Seized

The enforcement operation also yielded significant seizures of illicit drugs and regulated products.

Items intercepted included 373 parcels of Cannabis Sativa, 90 packs of Tramaking 250mg, 69 packs of Royal Tapentadol 250mg and 310,000 sticks of Time/Yes cigarettes.

The Command said the seizure had disrupted illicit supply chains and prevented substances capable of fuelling drug abuse and other social vices from entering Nigerian communities.

The seized pharmaceutical products and illicit drugs are to be handed over to the appropriate regulatory and enforcement agencies for further investigation and necessary action.

3,300 explosive cartridges raise security alarm

The seizure of 3,300 cartridges of explosive materials emerged as one of the most significant security breakthroughs recorded by the Command.

The materials were intercepted while being illegally conveyed through the border corridor.

Given the potential security implications of explosives falling into the hands of criminal networks, the Command said the seizure was particularly significant.

It warned that such materials could potentially be diverted for violent criminal activities, including terrorism, banditry and kidnapping.

The explosive materials have been transferred to the Explosive Ordnance Disposal Unit of the Nigeria Police Force for safe custody and further investigation.

One suspect linked to the seizure has also been transferred to the police unit.

Vehicles, watercraft impounded

The enforcement operations further resulted in the interception of a number of vehicles and watercraft.

They include a used speedboat, used water bike, 2017 Toyota Land Cruiser, 2016 Toyota RAV4 and 2010 Nissan Versa.

According to the Command, the combined DPV of all the seized items stands at N365,163,709.

The seizures demonstrate the breadth of the Command’s enforcement activities, ranging from prohibited food products and illicit drugs to vehicles, cigarettes and materials with serious national security implications.

Seme Customs beats 2025 revenue in seven months

While intensifying its enforcement operations, the Command has simultaneously recorded a strong revenue performance.

The Command generated N15,941,258,676.01 in 2025, but within the first seven months of 2026, it had already collected N19,840,280,788.50.

The figure represents an increase of N3,899,022,112.49 over the entire 2025 collection.

The Command attributed the revenue growth to improved compliance, stronger engagement with stakeholders, greater operational efficiency and enhanced facilitation of legitimate trade.

The Area Controller said the revenue performance demonstrates that enforcement and trade facilitation are not contradictory, but complementary elements of modern Customs administration.

He said compliant businesses would continue to receive the necessary support to operate in a predictable and efficient border environment, while smugglers would face sustained enforcement pressure.

AfCFTA, border security in focus

The Seme Area Command also reaffirmed its commitment to supporting the Federal Government’s economic reform agenda, particularly through the facilitation of legitimate regional trade under the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).

The Command said its strategy was to keep legitimate commerce moving while tightening the border against economic saboteurs and transnational criminal networks.

It also acknowledged the contributions of sister security agencies and regulatory bodies to intelligence sharing and joint enforcement operations.

The Command said the illicit drugs and unregistered pharmaceutical products would be formally handed over to the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) and the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) as appropriate.

It further commended the media for its role in keeping the public informed about Customs operations and promoting transparency and accountability.

The Command warned smugglers operating along the Seme corridor that the border would not provide a sanctuary for economic sabotage, illicit trade or cross-border criminality.

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Customs

Tinubu hails Nigeria’s Customs model as AfCFTA picks local firm for $multi-billion project

Bergmans subsidiary wins 20-year continental customs modernisation contract 

Gloria Odion, Maritme reporter

President Bola Ahmed Tinubu has hailed the emergence of Nigeria’s homegrown Customs modernisation model as a continental benchmark following the selection of a subsidiary of Nigerian-owned Bergmans Security Consultant and Supplies Limited to execute a 20-year, multi-billion-dollar AfCFTA Customs Modernisation Project.

The development, according to the President, represents a major vote of confidence in Nigeria’s growing capacity to develop indigenous technology and expertise capable of powering Africa’s emerging trade architecture.

The project will be implemented by AfriTrade CMP Limited, a subsidiary of Bergmans, and is expected to deploy digital and physical infrastructure for customs processing, cargo tracking, border management and trade-data exchange across participating African countries.

Tinubu’s commendation was contained in a State House statement issued yesterday, Monday, August 10th, 2026, by his Special Adviser on Information and Strategy, Bayo Onanuga.

The President said the continental deal was particularly significant because another subsidiary of Bergmans, Trade Modernisation Project Limited, is already implementing Nigeria’s Customs Modernisation Programme in partnership with the Nigeria Customs Service (NCS).

He described the development as evidence that solutions developed and tested in Nigeria could now be scaled across the continent.

“What has been built and tested in Nigeria is now providing a model for the continent. This is how African integration should work: Africans building African solutions for African markets,” Tinubu said.

He added that Nigerian institutions and businesses could play a pivotal role in building the technology and infrastructure required to make the African Continental Free Trade Area work effectively.

“Under our Nigeria First policy, we will continue to create opportunities for capable Nigerian businesses to compete at home, across Africa and globally,” the President said.

Tinubu specifically commended Bergmans, AfriTrade CMP Limited, Trade Modernisation Project Limited, the Nigeria Customs Service, Comptroller-General of Customs, Bashir Adewale Adeniyi and Nigerian professionals whose work, he said, had earned continental confidence.

The President said the development also reflected the transformation taking place within the Nigeria Customs Service under Adeniyi, particularly in the areas of digitalisation, institutional reform, trade facilitation and indigenous technology deployment.

AfCFTA endorsement

The continental endorsement gathered momentum during the recent visit of the Secretary-General of the AfCFTA Secretariat, Wamkele Mene, to the NCS Headquarters in Abuja, where he inspected the Customs Service’s modernisation platform.

Mene visited the headquarters alongside members of the Senate Committee on Customs led by Senator Jibrin Isah, following a two-day retreat on customs modernisation and reforms.

After witnessing the system in operation, the AfCFTA Secretary-General described B’Odogwu, Nigeria’s indigenous Unified Customs Management System, as a model with potential for wider adoption across Africa.

Mene disclosed that non-African companies had also offered similar solutions but said AfCFTA had opted for an African solution, underscoring the continent’s determination to develop its own expertise and infrastructure.

The endorsement effectively elevates B’Odogwu from a Nigerian Customs digitalisation initiative to a potential template for the continent’s evolving customs administration.

Senator Isah also expressed the Senate committee’s support for the modernisation programme after witnessing the technology in operation, saying members had become ambassadors of the initiative.

B’Odogwu at centre of transformation

First piloted in October 2024, B’Odogwu has become a major component of the NCS modernisation programme, supporting the digitalisation of customs processes and integrating critical functions including cargo tracking, data infrastructure, surveillance, risk management and non-intrusive inspection.

The system is also being integrated with the National Single Window, which was launched in March 2026 as a unified digital gateway for cross-border trade processes.

The integration is expected to improve the speed and transparency of cargo clearance while reducing inefficiencies and strengthening data exchange among agencies involved in international trade.

For Nigeria, the AfCFTA development goes beyond the commercial value of the continental project.

It represents a rare opportunity for the country to export technology, expertise and institutional know-how, rather than merely participate in Africa’s expanding trade market as a consumer.

The development also reinforces the argument that investment in indigenous technology and institutional reform can produce solutions with commercial value beyond Nigeria’s borders.

With AfCFTA seeking to dismantle barriers to intra-African trade, modern customs infrastructure will remain critical to achieving faster cargo clearance, improved revenue collection, effective border controls and seamless exchange of trade information.

The emergence of Nigerian-developed customs technology at the centre of that continental ambition could therefore mark a significant shift in Nigeria’s role in Africa—from being principally a market for imported technology to becoming a provider of strategic trade infrastructure for the continent.

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Customs

Customs FOU ‘A’ crushes smuggling ring, seizes N3.24bn worth of contraband, recovers N729m revenue

-intercepts cannabis, tramadol, rice, vehicles, elephant tusks, other prohibited goods

Funso Olojo, Editor

The Nigeria Customs Service (NCS) Federal Operations Unit Zone ‘A’ (FOU ‘A’), Ikeja-Lagos, has dealt a heavy blow to smuggling and revenue fraud, intercepting 220 consignments of prohibited and smuggled goods with a combined Duty Paid Value of N3.24 billion and recovering N728.98 million in lost revenue.

The seizures, recorded through a series of intelligence-driven operations, highlight the escalating battle by the Customs Service to shut down illicit trade routes, protect domestic production and plug revenue leakages arising from false declarations, under-valuation and other customs infractions.

Among the major seizures were 4,956 bags of foreign parboiled rice weighing 50kg each, equivalent to eight trailer loads; 12 foreign-used vehicles; 2,683 parcels of synthetic cannabis (Sativa) weighing 1,439.9kg; 49 parcels of Ghanaian Loud weighing 26.1kg; one parcel of crystal methamphetamine weighing 0.35kg and 13 parcels of granular cannabis weighing 1.35kg.

The Unit also intercepted 240,000 tablets of Tramadol, 12,000 tablets of Hypnox and 22 elephant tusks weighing 130.84kg, alongside 964 25-litre jerrycans of Premium Motor Spirit (PMS), representing 24,100 litres.

Other items seized include 26 cartons of foreign vegetable oil, 686 cartons of foreign poultry products, 414 bales of used clothing and 2,947 pieces of used tyres, among other prohibited and smuggled goods.

The Comptroller of FOU ‘A’, Gambo Aliyu, said the N728.98 million revenue recovery represented an important component of the Unit’s enforcement mandate, particularly its efforts to recover government revenue lost through fraudulent trade declarations.

Aliyu warned importers, exporters and licensed customs agents against deliberate attempts to short-change the government, urging them to make accurate declarations and comply fully with applicable customs laws and regulations.

He said the Unit would continue to facilitate legitimate commerce but would show no mercy to operators involved in smuggling, revenue evasion and other forms of economic sabotage.

According to him, the latest seizures demonstrate the importance of intelligence gathering, risk profiling, inter-agency collaboration and intelligence fusion in dismantling sophisticated smuggling networks.

He attributed the Unit’s operational successes to improved intelligence capabilities and cooperation from sister agencies, stakeholders, border communities and members of the public.

Beyond the revenue implications, the seizures have significant economic and public-safety consequences.

The interception of foreign rice, poultry products, vegetable oil, used clothing, tyres and foreign-used vehicles is expected to provide additional protection for local manufacturers and producers already battling the effects of illicit imports.

Similarly, the seizure of large quantities of cannabis, tramadol, crystal methamphetamine and other controlled substances underscores the Customs Service’s growing role in preventing the movement of illicit drugs and potentially harmful pharmaceutical products through Nigeria’s trade corridors.

The recovery of the elephant tusks also reinforces the Service’s contribution to the fight against illegal wildlife trafficking and the protection of endangered species.

Aliyu, however, stressed that FOU ‘A’ was not at war with legitimate trade, insisting that its enforcement strategy was built around striking a balance between strong border control and trade facilitation.

He assured compliant traders that the Service remained committed to a fair, predictable and transparent trading environment, while warning that the Unit would sustain its zero-tolerance posture towards smuggling and revenue fraud.

The Customs boss called for stronger partnership with the business community and the general public, noting that sustained intelligence sharing and vigilance were critical to consolidating the gains recorded in revenue recovery, border security, public safety and economic protection.

He said the NCS, through FOU ‘A’, would continue to align its enforcement operations with the Federal Government’s broader economic agenda by protecting domestic production, promoting compliance, facilitating legitimate trade and blocking the circulation of prohibited and harmful goods.

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